Necropolis of Palazzone in Perugia: Geomatic data integration for 3D modeling and geomorphology of underground sites

This article presents and analyzes the methodologies results of survey an Etruscan archaeological site (the Necropolis Palazzone) with tombs dug into ground on a slope belonging to Perugia hill, in central Italy. The presented particular difficulties, since underground rooms are numerous, small, not illuminated, it required creation unique geometric model, including both external area. Therefore, different techniques tools geomatics were used: GNSS, total station 3D survey, terrestrial laser scanning, digital photogrammetry, consequent need manage integrate large amount data. It was also possible compare acquired methods, such as terrain model surface obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry or kinematic GNSS survey. had dual purpose: acquire documentation geometry be imported GIS; support knowledge geomorphologic aspects area, tombs—carved sedimentary formations—allow us observe study local stratigraphy detail, while geomatic surveys put relation each other space.